Elphinstone Reef (Sha'ab Abu Hamra) is one of the most iconic and biologically rich reefs in the Egyptian Red Sea, drawing divers and marine biologists from all over the world for its exceptional underwater scenery and abundant marine life.

Location and Geography

Elphinstone Reef is located about 30 kilometers north of Marsa Alam, off Egypt’s southeastern Red Sea coast. It is a slender, standalone reef stretching around 300 meters in length, rising steeply from deep water and forming a dramatic underwater plateau with sheer walls on either side. This unique geography makes it an ideal site for drift diving and for encountering pelagic species.

Coral and Marine Ecosystems

The reef’s coral community is dominated by vibrant soft corals, especially Dendronephthya species, known for their bright colors and delicate, tree-like structures. Hard corals, gorgonians, and sponges are also prevalent, contributing to a highly complex and productive reef environment. The reef supports a diverse array of reef fish, including anthias, angelfish, butterflyfish, groupers, and wrasses.

Marine Life Highlights

Elphinstone is renowned for its large marine species. Common sightings include:
Oceanic whitetip sharks and hammerhead sharks, frequently seen along the reef’s deep walls.
Occasional visits by tiger sharks and thresher sharks during specific seasons.
Schooling barracudas, trevallies, tunas, and sometimes dolphins add to the excitement.
Macro-life such as nudibranchs and crustaceans abound in coral crevices.

Diving Conditions

Visibility: Typically excellent, ranging from 20–40 meters, due to the open sea location and lack of river runoff.
Currents: Moderate to strong, creating exhilarating drift dives but also requiring experience for safe exploration.
Depths: The reef top lies at about 1–3 meters, dropping to over 70 meters at the walls, providing multi-level diving opportunities.
Experience Level: Due to its exposed position, strong currents, and occasional rough surface conditions, Elphinstone is recommended for advanced divers.

Significance and Protection

Elphinstone not only supports a unique and colorful underwater ecosystem but also plays an important role in attracting eco-tourism to the region. Its proximity to Egypt’s famous Southern Red Sea marine parks highlights the nation’s commitment to marine conservation and sustainable tourism.

Best Time to Visit

Diving at Elphinstone is possible year-round. However, the peak diving season extends from late spring to early autumn (April to November), with warmer water temperatures and increased chances to spot pelagic predators.
Elphinstone Reef stands out as a must-visit Red Sea destination, famed for its exceptional biodiversity, exciting diving experiences, and easy access from Marsa Alam.